David l brunsma biography of martin
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I am a professor of sociology at Virginia Tech in the US.
This chapter investigates how the lack of diversity and representation in the craft beer industry... more This chapter investigates how the lack of diversity and representation in the craft beer industry has led to the systematic exclusion of black people from beer consumption. One way to do this is to focus on the use of racially targeted marketing to sell cheaper products of lesser quality to communities of color; malt liquor is a critical case. Another way is to interrogate the ways in which the contemporary craft beer industry has appropriated black culture and iconography to sell beer to white people. The issue of representation, both socially and culturally, is of key importance in looking at the marketing of beer. According to interview data, the issue of representation is a major barrier in preventing black, other minority, and female participation in craft beer and its cultures. Given this reality, it is not surprising at all that most significant efforts to diversify the beer industry have mostly been led by consumers.
BACKGROUND Posterior condylar canal, a foramen present within the condylar fossa, carries emissar... more BACKGROUND Posterior condylar canal, a foramen present within the condylar fossa, carries emissary vein which connects sigmoid sinus with the occipital vein, nerves supplying the dura mater of posterior cranial fossa and meningeal branches of the occipital artery. Injuries to these neurovascular bundles may occur during dissection involved in skull base surgeries, thereby requiring detailed knowledge of anatomical variations. Despite being the largest emissary foramen of the posterior cranial fossa, there are reports of rare absence of this canal. Both unilateral and bilateral posterior condylar canal have also been reported. Aim of the study was to observe the variations of posterior condylar canal in dry adult skulls of East Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 35 dry adult skulls without asymmetry or deformity collected from the Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS) and Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Manipur. The study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of the presence of posterior condylar canal unilaterally, bilaterally or its absence using a malleable metallic probe, magnifying lens and measuring tape. RESULTS In the present study, out of 35 skulls studied, the posterior condylar foramen was present in 33 (94.3%) cases and absent in 2 (5.7%) cases. Among the 94.3% cases with the foramen, 31.3% were present bilaterally and 62.9% were present unilaterally (Right Side 34.3% and Left Side 28.6%). No skull exhibited multiple foramina. CONCLUSION There can be great anatomical variations in the posterior condylar canal such as absence-unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral presence is encountered more commonly, amongst which the right side patency predominates. Knowledge of such variations will provide valuable information to surgeons while carrying out operative procedures involving craniocervical region.
Societies Without Borders, 2010
Since 2002, SSF, internationally, has been at the forefront of an epistemological revolution with... more Since 2002, SSF, internationally, has been at the forefront of an epistemological revolution within sociology. Specifically, SSF-US has had the difficult task of bringing the United States into a critical dialogue with other voices and perspectives – voices which are much more deeply rooted in human rights than most United Statesian sociologists. In this article, I outline eight ways to underscore the Hopi saying that, ―we are the ones we‘ve been waiting for‖: 1) remapping our cognitions away from individualism and capitalism; 2) socializing for humanity, not citizenry; 3) recognizing our common needs and common vulnerabilities; 4) creating new identities and respect for new identities rooted in variation; 5) creating human rights spaces, places, and cities; 6) utilizing locally the new UN mechanisms for human rights tracking; 7) revising the U.S. constitution, and 8) creating a new science of liberation – a sociology without borders.
Scholarship designed to ask questions about the meanings of, identities of, and experiences of th... more Scholarship designed to ask questions about the meanings of, identities of, and experiences of the offspring of interracial unions has been around for almost a century but has only seriously and significantly developed since the 1990s. From the early days of theorizing such experience from the counselor’s chair, psychological models planted early seeds, yet the ground of multiracial experience was one fundamentally wrapped up with institutions, social structures, political movements, histories and stories, racialization and microaggressions, family and peer dynamics, and other important social, cultural, economic, historical, collective, and political realities. Multiracial scholarship developed early on from an interest in understanding how the offspring of interracial unions, whether white/black, black/Asian, Latinx/white, and so on, develop understandings of themselves, as well as how others influence that understanding; thus, identity was a crucial starting point. Appearances, p...
Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 2016
The graduate student experience, for many, can be a time of great stress, insecurity, and uncerta... more The graduate student experience, for many, can be a time of great stress, insecurity, and uncertainty. Overwhelmingly, studies verify that good mentoring is one of the best indicators of graduate student success. In this literature review, we outline in detail previous research that attest to these experiences, and pay specific attention to the experiences of students of color. In general, our read of the literature suggests that academia, in general, and sociology, in particular, does not do a good job of mentoring graduate students of color. We begin our essay with an overview of graduate student experiences. Next, we discuss the mentoring side of the equation, addressing reasons that might explain variations in how students are mentored in higher education. Finally, we end with some thoughts on what faculty and departments can do to address the inadequate mentoring of graduate students of color.
Choice Reviews Online, 2015
Based on extensive, original sociological and anthropological data generated by PERLA, this landm... more Based on extensive, original sociological and anthropological data generated by PERLA, this landmark study analyzes ethnoracial classification, inequality, and discrimination, as well as public opinion about Afro-descended and indigenous social movements and policies that foster greater social inclusiveness, all set within an ethnoracial history of each country. A once-in-a-generation examination of contemporary ethnicity, this book promises to contribute in significant ways to policymaking and public opinion in Latin America.
Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2015
adoptees is complex; no one lives it in the same way and what is good for someone may be detrimen... more adoptees is complex; no one lives it in the same way and what is good for someone may be detrimental to somebody else. Despite its specific application to the field of adoption, the book provides clear data demonstrating how topical racism still exists, although its forms may have evolved over time. It also accurately summarizes complex contemporary realities in the field of transracial adoption and therefore nourishes reflexive criticism on the topic.
Theories, Institutions, and Experiences
Plain and simp' the system's a pimp, but I refuse to be a ho'"-"who Stole the Soul?" Fear of a Bl... more Plain and simp' the system's a pimp, but I refuse to be a ho'"-"who Stole the Soul?" Fear of a Black Planet, Public enemy "Thus in effect, on matters of race, the racial contract prescribes for its signatories and inverted epistemology, an epistemology of ignorance, a particular pattern of localized and global cognitive dysfunctions (which are psychologically and socially functional), producing the ironic outcome that whites will in general be unable to understand the world they themselves have made" (mills 1997: 18
Societies Without Borders, 2007
This is a dialogue between a teacher-student and a student-teacher in the discipline of sociology... more This is a dialogue between a teacher-student and a student-teacher in the discipline of sociology. Critical questions about the state of sociology are pursued in the context of a hegemonic American sociological enterprise. American sociology has become content with continuing to document dystopia, with exploiting those who struggle under societies' structural weight, leading to a discipline whose work reproduces the very structures of domination we study. Through this Freirean dialogue, we ponder epistemologies and pedagogies of justice, liberation, and humanity. We hope this critical dialogue will help spark more conversation towards imagining a sociology without borders-away from the imperialism of American sociological epistemology, metho dology, and practice. La sociologia que documenta la dystopia: imaginando una sociología sin fronteras-un dialogo crítico Este es un diálogo entre un profesor-estudiante y un estudiante-profesor de sociología. Se tratan cuestiones críticas sobre la situación de la sociología en un contexto americano. La sociología americana se contenta con continuar su documentación de la dystopia, con la explotación de quienes sufren bajo el peso estructural de la sociedad y conduce a una disciplina cuyo trabajo reproduce las mismas estructuras de dominación que estudia. A través de un diálogo al modo de Freire, nos planteamos las epistemologías y las pedagogías de la justicia, de la liberación y la humanidad. Esperamos que este diálogo crítico pueda fomentar más conversaciones acerca de la posibilidad de imaginar una sociología sin fronteras, alejada del imperialismo de la epistemología, metodología y práctica de la sociología americana. Sociologie en tant que documentation de dystopia: imaginant une sociologie sans frontières-un dialogue critique L'article est un dialogue entre un professeur-étudiant et un étudiant-professeur dans la discipline de la sociologie. Des questions critiques au sujet de l'état de sociologie sont poursuivies dans le cadre d'une recherche sociologique américaine hégémonique. La sociologie américaine
In this article, a nationally-representative sample of kindergarten-aged children is used from th... more In this article, a nationally-representative sample of kindergarten-aged children is used from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study to explore the structure of parental racial designation of mixed-race children. The variation in these parental designations of a variety of mixed-race children is described. Parental racial designations in the three most common majority-minority interracial couplings ‐ White/Hispanic, Black/White and Asian/White ‐ are predicted using multinomial logistic regression models. The results may indicate a movement by the parents of these multiracial children away from minority status through racial labeling and towards “multiracial” and “White” ‐ movements that are predicated upon gender, class and context. Critical discussions of the implications of these results as well as directions for future research are offered.
Women & Therapy, 2004
Page 1. Negotiating Racial Identity: Biracial Women and Interactional Validation Kerry Ann Rockqu... more Page 1. Negotiating Racial Identity: Biracial Women and Interactional Validation Kerry Ann Rockquemore David L. Brunsma SUMMARY. Counseling research on racial identity development among multiracial people has largely ...
The Journal of Educational Research, 2003
Page 1. Statistics, Sound Bites, and School Uniforms: A Reply to Bodine DAVID L. BRUNSMA Universi... more Page 1. Statistics, Sound Bites, and School Uniforms: A Reply to Bodine DAVID L. BRUNSMA University of Alabama in Huntsville ABSTRACT It is refreshing to observe another scholar engaging the important and timely question ...
In this article, we argue for cognitive sociology as a framework for studying the sociology of ra... more In this article, we argue for cognitive sociology as a framework for studying the sociology of race. Cognitive sociology concerns itself with classification, identity construction, meaning and collective memory and is thus centrally concerned with generic issues that apply well to racial category construction and maintenance. We, first, outline the cognitive sociology framework. We then elaborate on traditions in the sociology of race and racism that have implicit affinities to cognitive sociology. We argue that cognitive sociology provides a useful generic framework with which to look at specific issues in racial classification, the social construction of race, and to racist cognitions, while critical race theory and other sociology of race frameworks can compliment cognitive sociology by addressing issues of power and domination in cognitive frameworks.
The Sociological Quarterly, 2002
Current research on racial identity construction among biracial people derives primarily from sma... more Current research on racial identity construction among biracial people derives primarily from small convenience samples and assumes that individuals with one black and one white parent have only two options for racial identity: "black" or "biracial." Rockquemore's (1999) taxonomy of racial identity options is used as a framework to synthesize existing research and to generate hypotheses that are explored using survey data from a sample of 177 biracial respondents.'Ihe findings support a multidimensional view of racial identity by illustrating that biracial people make various identity choices, albeit "choices" that are differentially available due to an individual's structural location. The multiracial experience has been depicted in social science research (Root 1996), American literature (Sollors 1997), and popular culture (Jones 1994) as one of "betweenness" and "marginality." Uncertainty, confusion, and tragedy have characterized the lives of biracial people as they straddle the volatile and shifting racial divide in the United States. Multiracial, as compared to multiethnzc, individuals perccive the relationship between their mixed parentage and their self-identity differently. White ethnics with multiple backgrounds experience ethnicity as a "symbolic" identity that can shift and change through individual choice with little or no social significance for their life chances (Waters 1990). Multiracial and biracial individuals, in contrast. arc considered to have little choice about their racial identity, and their lives are significantly impacted by the apparent absence of that choice (Root 1990).l Much of the social psychological research, past and present, depicts the racial identity options available to biracial people as falling into one of two binary categories
This chapter investigates how the lack of diversity and representation in the craft beer industry... more This chapter investigates how the lack of diversity and representation in the craft beer industry has led to the systematic exclusion of black people from beer consumption. One way to do this is to focus on the use of racially targeted marketing to sell cheaper products of lesser quality to communities of color; malt liquor is a critical case. Another way is to interrogate the ways in which the contemporary craft beer industry has appropriated black culture and iconography to sell beer to white people. The issue of representation, both socially and culturally, is of key importance in looking at the marketing of beer. According to interview data, the issue of representation is a major barrier in preventing black, other minority, and female participation in craft beer and its cultures. Given this reality, it is not surprising at all that most significant efforts to diversify the beer industry have mostly been led by consumers.
BACKGROUND Posterior condylar canal, a foramen present within the condylar fossa, carries emissar... more BACKGROUND Posterior condylar canal, a foramen present within the condylar fossa, carries emissary vein which connects sigmoid sinus with the occipital vein, nerves supplying the dura mater of posterior cranial fossa and meningeal branches of the occipital artery. Injuries to these neurovascular bundles may occur during dissection involved in skull base surgeries, thereby requiring detailed knowledge of anatomical variations. Despite being the largest emissary foramen of the posterior cranial fossa, there are reports of rare absence of this canal. Both unilateral and bilateral posterior condylar canal have also been reported. Aim of the study was to observe the variations of posterior condylar canal in dry adult skulls of East Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 35 dry adult skulls without asymmetry or deformity collected from the Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS) and Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Manipur. The study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of the presence of posterior condylar canal unilaterally, bilaterally or its absence using a malleable metallic probe, magnifying lens and measuring tape. RESULTS In the present study, out of 35 skulls studied, the posterior condylar foramen was present in 33 (94.3%) cases and absent in 2 (5.7%) cases. Among the 94.3% cases with the foramen, 31.3% were present bilaterally and 62.9% were present unilaterally (Right Side 34.3% and Left Side 28.6%). No skull exhibited multiple foramina. CONCLUSION There can be great anatomical variations in the posterior condylar canal such as absence-unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral presence is encountered more commonly, amongst which the right side patency predominates. Knowledge of such variations will provide valuable information to surgeons while carrying out operative procedures involving craniocervical region.
Societies Without Borders, 2010
Since 2002, SSF, internationally, has been at the forefront of an epistemological revolution with... more Since 2002, SSF, internationally, has been at the forefront of an epistemological revolution within sociology. Specifically, SSF-US has had the difficult task of bringing the United States into a critical dialogue with other voices and perspectives – voices which are much more deeply rooted in human rights than most United Statesian sociologists. In this article, I outline eight ways to underscore the Hopi saying that, ―we are the ones we‘ve been waiting for‖: 1) remapping our cognitions away from individualism and capitalism; 2) socializing for humanity, not citizenry; 3) recognizing our common needs and common vulnerabilities; 4) creating new identities and respect for new identities rooted in variation; 5) creating human rights spaces, places, and cities; 6) utilizing locally the new UN mechanisms for human rights tracking; 7) revising the U.S. constitution, and 8) creating a new science of liberation – a sociology without borders.
Scholarship designed to ask questions about the meanings of, identities of, and experiences of th... more Scholarship designed to ask questions about the meanings of, identities of, and experiences of the offspring of interracial unions has been around for almost a century but has only seriously and significantly developed since the 1990s. From the early days of theorizing such experience from the counselor’s chair, psychological models planted early seeds, yet the ground of multiracial experience was one fundamentally wrapped up with institutions, social structures, political movements, histories and stories, racialization and microaggressions, family and peer dynamics, and other important social, cultural, economic, historical, collective, and political realities. Multiracial scholarship developed early on from an interest in understanding how the offspring of interracial unions, whether white/black, black/Asian, Latinx/white, and so on, develop understandings of themselves, as well as how others influence that understanding; thus, identity was a crucial starting point. Appearances, p...
Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 2016
The graduate student experience, for many, can be a time of great stress, insecurity, and uncerta... more The graduate student experience, for many, can be a time of great stress, insecurity, and uncertainty. Overwhelmingly, studies verify that good mentoring is one of the best indicators of graduate student success. In this literature review, we outline in detail previous research that attest to these experiences, and pay specific attention to the experiences of students of color. In general, our read of the literature suggests that academia, in general, and sociology, in particular, does not do a good job of mentoring graduate students of color. We begin our essay with an overview of graduate student experiences. Next, we discuss the mentoring side of the equation, addressing reasons that might explain variations in how students are mentored in higher education. Finally, we end with some thoughts on what faculty and departments can do to address the inadequate mentoring of graduate students of color.
Choice Reviews Online, 2015
Based on extensive, original sociological and anthropological data generated by PERLA, this landm... more Based on extensive, original sociological and anthropological data generated by PERLA, this landmark study analyzes ethnoracial classification, inequality, and discrimination, as well as public opinion about Afro-descended and indigenous social movements and policies that foster greater social inclusiveness, all set within an ethnoracial history of each country. A once-in-a-generation examination of contemporary ethnicity, this book promises to contribute in significant ways to policymaking and public opinion in Latin America.
Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2015
adoptees is complex; no one lives it in the same way and what is good for someone may be detrimen... more adoptees is complex; no one lives it in the same way and what is good for someone may be detrimental to somebody else. Despite its specific application to the field of adoption, the book provides clear data demonstrating how topical racism still exists, although its forms may have evolved over time. It also accurately summarizes complex contemporary realities in the field of transracial adoption and therefore nourishes reflexive criticism on the topic.
Theories, Institutions, and Experiences
Plain and simp' the system's a pimp, but I refuse to be a ho'"-"who Stole the Soul?" Fear of a Bl... more Plain and simp' the system's a pimp, but I refuse to be a ho'"-"who Stole the Soul?" Fear of a Black Planet, Public enemy "Thus in effect, on matters of race, the racial contract prescribes for its signatories and inverted epistemology, an epistemology of ignorance, a particular pattern of localized and global cognitive dysfunctions (which are psychologically and socially functional), producing the ironic outcome that whites will in general be unable to understand the world they themselves have made" (mills 1997: 18
Societies Without Borders, 2007
This is a dialogue between a teacher-student and a student-teacher in the discipline of sociology... more This is a dialogue between a teacher-student and a student-teacher in the discipline of sociology. Critical questions about the state of sociology are pursued in the context of a hegemonic American sociological enterprise. American sociology has become content with continuing to document dystopia, with exploiting those who struggle under societies' structural weight, leading to a discipline whose work reproduces the very structures of domination we study. Through this Freirean dialogue, we ponder epistemologies and pedagogies of justice, liberation, and humanity. We hope this critical dialogue will help spark more conversation towards imagining a sociology without borders-away from the imperialism of American sociological epistemology, metho dology, and practice. La sociologia que documenta la dystopia: imaginando una sociología sin fronteras-un dialogo crítico Este es un diálogo entre un profesor-estudiante y un estudiante-profesor de sociología. Se tratan cuestiones críticas sobre la situación de la sociología en un contexto americano. La sociología americana se contenta con continuar su documentación de la dystopia, con la explotación de quienes sufren bajo el peso estructural de la sociedad y conduce a una disciplina cuyo trabajo reproduce las mismas estructuras de dominación que estudia. A través de un diálogo al modo de Freire, nos planteamos las epistemologías y las pedagogías de la justicia, de la liberación y la humanidad. Esperamos que este diálogo crítico pueda fomentar más conversaciones acerca de la posibilidad de imaginar una sociología sin fronteras, alejada del imperialismo de la epistemología, metodología y práctica de la sociología americana. Sociologie en tant que documentation de dystopia: imaginant une sociologie sans frontières-un dialogue critique L'article est un dialogue entre un professeur-étudiant et un étudiant-professeur dans la discipline de la sociologie. Des questions critiques au sujet de l'état de sociologie sont poursuivies dans le cadre d'une recherche sociologique américaine hégémonique. La sociologie américaine
In this article, a nationally-representative sample of kindergarten-aged children is used from th... more In this article, a nationally-representative sample of kindergarten-aged children is used from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study to explore the structure of parental racial designation of mixed-race children. The variation in these parental designations of a variety of mixed-race children is described. Parental racial designations in the three most common majority-minority interracial couplings ‐ White/Hispanic, Black/White and Asian/White ‐ are predicted using multinomial logistic regression models. The results may indicate a movement by the parents of these multiracial children away from minority status through racial labeling and towards “multiracial” and “White” ‐ movements that are predicated upon gender, class and context. Critical discussions of the implications of these results as well as directions for future research are offered.
Women & Therapy, 2004
Page 1. Negotiating Racial Identity: Biracial Women and Interactional Validation Kerry Ann Rockqu... more Page 1. Negotiating Racial Identity: Biracial Women and Interactional Validation Kerry Ann Rockquemore David L. Brunsma SUMMARY. Counseling research on racial identity development among multiracial people has largely ...
The Journal of Educational Research, 2003
Page 1. Statistics, Sound Bites, and School Uniforms: A Reply to Bodine DAVID L. BRUNSMA Universi... more Page 1. Statistics, Sound Bites, and School Uniforms: A Reply to Bodine DAVID L. BRUNSMA University of Alabama in Huntsville ABSTRACT It is refreshing to observe another scholar engaging the important and timely question ...
In this article, we argue for cognitive sociology as a framework for studying the sociology of ra... more In this article, we argue for cognitive sociology as a framework for studying the sociology of race. Cognitive sociology concerns itself with classification, identity construction, meaning and collective memory and is thus centrally concerned with generic issues that apply well to racial category construction and maintenance. We, first, outline the cognitive sociology framework. We then elaborate on traditions in the sociology of race and racism that have implicit affinities to cognitive sociology. We argue that cognitive sociology provides a useful generic framework with which to look at specific issues in racial classification, the social construction of race, and to racist cognitions, while critical race theory and other sociology of race frameworks can compliment cognitive sociology by addressing issues of power and domination in cognitive frameworks.
The Sociological Quarterly, 2002
Current research on racial identity construction among biracial people derives primarily from sma... more Current research on racial identity construction among biracial people derives primarily from small convenience samples and assumes that individuals with one black and one white parent have only two options for racial identity: "black" or "biracial." Rockquemore's (1999) taxonomy of racial identity options is used as a framework to synthesize existing research and to generate hypotheses that are explored using survey data from a sample of 177 biracial respondents.'Ihe findings support a multidimensional view of racial identity by illustrating that biracial people make various identity choices, albeit "choices" that are differentially available due to an individual's structural location. The multiracial experience has been depicted in social science research (Root 1996), American literature (Sollors 1997), and popular culture (Jones 1994) as one of "betweenness" and "marginality." Uncertainty, confusion, and tragedy have characterized the lives of biracial people as they straddle the volatile and shifting racial divide in the United States. Multiracial, as compared to multiethnzc, individuals perccive the relationship between their mixed parentage and their self-identity differently. White ethnics with multiple backgrounds experience ethnicity as a "symbolic" identity that can shift and change through individual choice with little or no social significance for their life chances (Waters 1990). Multiracial and biracial individuals, in contrast. arc considered to have little choice about their racial identity, and their lives are significantly impacted by the apparent absence of that choice (Root 1990).l Much of the social psychological research, past and present, depicts the racial identity options available to biracial people as falling into one of two binary categories